EHBD AD 2.1 AERODROME LOCATION INDICATOR AND NAME

EHBD - WEERT/BUDEL

EHBD AD 2.2 AERODROME GEOGRAPHICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE DATA

1	ARP coordinates and site at AD	511516N 0053603E 175 DEG GEO 250 M from TWR.
2	Direction and distance from (city)	5 NM W of Weert.
3	Elevation / reference temperature	ELEV: 115 FT AMSL / T: 21.9 °C
4	Geoid undulation at AD ELEV PSN	146 FT
5	MAG VAR / annual change	2.7° E (2025) / 0.2° E
6	AD operator, address, telephone, telefax, email address, AFS, URL	BUDEL AERODROME B.V./ KEMPEN AIRPORT LUCHTHAVENWEG 20 6021 PX BUDEL THE NETHERLANDS TEL: +31 (0)495 697 949 email: [email protected] URL: https://www.kempenairport.nl
7	Types of traffic permitted (IFR/VFR)	IFR/VFR
8	Remarks	Aerodrome available for national and international civil air traffic with all types of aircraft, with wingspan up to but not including 24 M and/or outer main gear wheel span up to but not including 6 M and available for MLA. The im- and export of merchandise, except travellers luggage, is allowed within the EU.

EHBD AD 2.3 OPERATIONAL HOURS

1	AD operator	0600-2200 (0500-2100)
2	Customs and immigration	0600-2200 (0500-2100)
3	Health and sanitation	NIL
4	AIS briefing office	H24
5	ATS reporting office (ARO)	H24
6	MET briefing office	NIL
7	ATS	0600-2200 (0500-2100) outside UDP
8	Fuelling	0600-2200 (0500-2100)
9	Handling	NIL
10	Security	NIL
11	De-icing	NIL
12	Remarks	AD operator VFR-flights: MON-TUE: UDP BTN 0800-1630 (0700-1530); WED-SUN: UDP BTN 0800-1900 (0700-1800); other times O/R. All flights 1 HR PPR. Extra charges outside normal opening hours. IFR-flights only outside UDP MON-TUE BTN 0800-1630 (0700-1530), O/R 0600-2200 (0500-2100); WED-SUN: BTN 0800-1900 (0700-1800), O/R 0600-2200 (0500-2100). All flights PPR and extra charges. Flights after UDP request permission before 1300 (1200) of the same day. Flights before UDP request permission before 1500 (1400) of the previous day. AD authorities only accept business, medical, police and military flights. Customs and immigration 2 HR PN. ATS AFIS outside UDP, see AD 2.22 paragraph 2.1. PPR means permission from AD authority by telephone +31 (0)495 697 949, or email [email protected]. PN means permission from and/or in case of customs etc. notification other than by (IFR/VFR) flight plans to AD authority as appropriate and is subject to each flight.

EHBD AD 2.4 HANDLING SERVICES AND FACILITIES

1	Cargo-handling facilities	NIL
2	Fuel / oil types	Fuel: JET A-1, AVGAS 100LL Oil: 20W50, 15W50.
3	Fuelling facilities/capacity	Cash, bank card or credit card only. JET A-1: 60 000 litres. AVGAS 100LL: 50 000 litres.
4	De-icing facilities	NIL
5	Hangar space for visiting aircraft	Limited AVBL.
6	Repair facilities for visiting aircraft	Major repairs to TBM series, PC-12, PC-24 and light aircraft.
7	Remarks	NIL

EHBD AD 2.5 PASSENGER FACILITIES

1	Hotels	In Budel and Weert.
2	Restaurants	At the aerodrome.
3	Transportation	Taxi, car rental O/R.
4	Medical facilities	NIL
5	Bank and post office	Bank: NIL Post: NIL
6	Tourist office	NIL
7	Remarks	NIL

EHBD AD 2.6 RESCUE AND FIREFIGHTING SERVICES

1	AD category for firefighting	CAT 3
2	Rescue equipment	1 intervention vehicle.
3	Capability for removal of disabled aircraft	AVBL
4	Remarks	AD category for fire fighting 2 crash tenders.

EHBD AD 2.7 RUNWAY SURFACE CONDITION ASSESSMENT AND REPORTING, AND SNOW PLAN

1	Types of clearing equipment	NIL
2	Clearance priorities	NIL
3	Use of material for movement area surface treatment	NIL
4	Specially prepared winter runways	NIL
5	Remarks	NIL

EHBD AD 2.8 APRONS, TAXIWAYS AND CHECK LOCATIONS/POSITIONS DATA

Apron designation, surface and strength

Designation	Stand	Surface	Strength
Apron		Concrete	25/F/B/W/U

Taxiway designation, width, surface and strength

Designation of TWY	Width	Surface	Strength
ALL TAXIWAYS	10.0 M	Asphalt	25/F/B/W/U PCR 270/F/B/X/T
MLA TWY	NIL	Grass	Unpaved for MLA.

Altimeter checkpoint location and elevation

NIL

VOR checkpoints

NIL

INS checkpoints

NIL

Remarks

NIL

EHBD AD 2.9 SURFACE MOVEMENT GUIDANCE AND CONTROL SYSTEM AND MARKINGS

1	Use of aircraft stand ID signs, TWY guide lines and visual docking/parking guidance system at aircraft stands	TWY: yellow guide lines.
2	RWY and TWY markings and LGT	RWY markings RWY 03: THR, designation, CL.. RWY 21: THR, designation, CL.. MLA strip: red/white markers on corners. RWY LGT RWY 03: THR, edge, RWY-end. RWY 21: THR, edge, RWY-end. TWY markings CL. HLDG PSN including red/white mandatory instruction signs. yellow/black info signs.
3	Stop bars	NIL
4	Remarks	NIL

EHBD AD 2.10 AERODROME OBSTACLES

Area 2
OBST ID / designation	OBST type	OBST position	ELEV/HGT (FT)	Markings / type, colour LGT	Remarks
1	2	3	4	5	6
NIL

Area 3
OBST ID / designation	OBST type	OBST position	ELEV/HGT (FT)	Markings / type, colour LGT	Remarks
1	2	3	4	5	6
NIL

For obstacles at and in the vicinity of the aerodrome see aerodrome chart.

EHBD AD 2.11 METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION PROVIDED

1	Associated MET office	NIL
2	Hours of service MET office outside hours	Hours of service NIL MET office outside hours NIL
3	Office responsible for TAF preparation Period of validity	NIL
4	Trend forecast Interval of issuance	NIL
5	Briefing/consultation provided	Limited meteorological observations (wind, QNH) and visual meteorological observations made by AFISO are available via AFISO.
6	Flight documentation Language(s) used	NIL
7	Charts and other information available for briefing or consultation	NIL
8	Supplementary equipment available for providing information	NIL
9	ATS units provided with information	NIL
10	Additional information (limitation of service, etc.)	NIL

EHBD AD 2.12 RUNWAY PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

RWY designation	True BRG	Dimensions of RWY (M)	Strength (PCN) and surface of RWY and SWY	THR coordinates RWY end coordinates THR GUND	THR ELEV and highest ELEV of TDZ of precision APCH RWY
1	2	3	4	5	6
03	030.16°	1199 x 23	RWY: 25/F/B/W/U PCR 270/F/B/X/T Asphalt SWY: NIL	THR: 511506.88N 0053552.84E RWY end: NIL THR GUND: 146 FT	THR: 115 FT TDZ: NIL
21	210.17°	1199 x 23	RWY: 25/F/B/W/U PCR 270/F/B/X/T Asphalt SWY: NIL	THR: 511535.06N 0053619.01E RWY end: NIL THR GUND: 146 FT	THR: 111 FT TDZ: NIL
03G	030.00°	600 x 30	RWY: NIL Grass SWY: NIL	THR: NIL RWY end: NIL THR GUND: NIL	THR: NIL TDZ: NIL
21G	210.00°	600 x 30	RWY: NIL Grass SWY: NIL	THR: NIL RWY end: NIL THR GUND: NIL	THR: NIL TDZ: NIL

RWY designation	Slope of RWY-SWY	SWY dimensions (M)	CWY dimensions (M)	Strip dimensions (M)	RESA dimensions (M)	Location and description of arresting system	OFZ
1	7	8	9	10	11	12	13
03	NIL	NIL	NIL	1270 x 80	NIL	NIL	NIL
21	NIL	NIL	NIL	1270 x 80	NIL	NIL	NIL
03G	NIL	NIL	NIL	NIL	NIL	NIL	NIL
21G	NIL	NIL	NIL	NIL	NIL	NIL	NIL

RWY designation	Remarks
1	14
03	NIL
21	NIL
03G	NIL
21G	NIL

EHBD AD 2.13 DECLARED DISTANCES

RWY designator	TORA (M)	TODA (M)	ASDA (M)	LDA (M)	Remarks
1	2	3	4	5	6
03	1064	1124	1199	1149	DTHR 50 M.
21	1149	1199	1199	1064	DTHR 135 M.
03G	NIL	NIL	NIL	NIL	NIL
21G	NIL	NIL	NIL	NIL	NIL

EHBD AD 2.14 APPROACH AND RUNWAY LIGHTING

RWY designator	APCH LGT type length INTST	THR LGT colour WBAR	VASIS location/slope MEHT	TDZ LGT length	RWY CL LGT length spacing colour INTST
1	2	3	4	5	6
03	NIL	G NIL	PAPI Left side/3.0° 20 FT	NIL	NIL
21	SALS 406 M	G NIL	PAPI Left side/3.0° 20 FT	NIL	NIL
03G	NIL	NIL	NIL	NIL	NIL
21G	NIL	NIL	NIL	NIL	NIL

RWY designator	RWY edge LGT length spacing colour INTST	RWY end LGT colour WBAR	SWY LGT length colour	Remarks
1	7	8	9	10
03	1200 M 60 M W LIM	R NIL	NIL	NIL
21	1200 M 60 M W LIM	R NIL	NIL	NIL
03G	NIL	NIL	NIL	NIL
21G	NIL	NIL	NIL	NIL

EHBD AD 2.15 OTHER LIGHTING, SECONDARY POWER SUPPLY

1	ABN/IBN location, characteristics and hours of operation	NIL
2	LDI location and LGT Anemometer location and LGT	LDI: 200 M S from aerodrome office, unlighted. Anemometer: 200 M S from aerodrome office, unlighted.
3	TWY edge and centre line lighting	See EHBD AD 2.9.
4	Secondary power supply Switchover time	NIL
5	Remarks	NIL

EHBD AD 2.16 HELICOPTER LANDING AREA

1	Coordinates TLOF or THR of FATO Geoid undulation	NIL
2	TLOF and/or FATO elevation	NIL
3	TLOF and FATO area dimensions, surface, strength, marking	NIL
4	True BRG of FATO	NIL
5	Declared distances available	NIL
6	APCH and FATO lighting	NIL
7	Remarks	NIL

EHBD AD 2.17 AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES AIRSPACE

Designation and lateral limits

Vertical limits

Airspace classification

ATS unit
call sign
language(s)

Transition altitude

Hours of applicability

Remarks

AFIZ BUDEL
(EHBDFIZ)

Consists of
EHBDFIZA
511743N 0053057E along
clockwise arc (radius 5 NM,
centre 511421N 0053650E) -
511052N 0054231E along
Dutch-Belgian border -
511152N 0053910E -
511521N 0053324E along
Dutch-Belgian border -
511743N 0053057E.

And
EHBDFIZB
511521N 0053324E -
511152N 0053910E along
Dutch-Belgian border -
511521N 0053324E.

EHBDFIZA
1200 FT AMSL

GND

EHBDFIZB
600 FT AMSL

GND

Budel Aerodrome Information
English

3000 FT AMSL

0600-2200 (0500-2100) outside UDP

Budel AD is situated in Kleine-Brogel CTR 2: see ENR 2.1.

EHBD AD 2.18 AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES COMMUNICATION FACILITIES

Service designation	Call sign	Channel(s)	SATVOICE NR	Logon address	Hours of operation	Remarks
1	2	3	4	5	6	7
APP	Kleine-Brogel Approach	134.480	NIL	NIL	See AIP Belgium.	For Kleine-Brogel details see AIP Belgium.
INFO	Budel Radio	122.155	NIL	NIL	0600-2200 (0500-2100) during UDP	Aerodrome information only.
AFIS	Budel Aerodrome Information	122.155	NIL	NIL	0600-2200 (0500-2100) outside UDP	AFIS only.

EHBD AD 2.19 RADIO NAVIGATION AND LANDING AIDS

Type of aid MAG VAR Supported OPS ILS CAT GBAS facility (VOR/ILS/MLS declination)	ID	Frequency CH Service provider Reference path ID	Hours of operation	Position of transmitting antenna	DME: ELEV transmitting antenna GBAS: ELEV ellipsoid height reference point SBAS: ellipsoid height LTP/FTP	GBAS reference point service volume radius	Remarks
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
VOR/DME (03° E) (decl.: 3°E)	MAS	108.600 MHz CH 23X		505819.0N 0055737.5E	300 FT	NIL	40 NM/250 FL in sector 000°-360° MAG
TACAN	BBL	CH 33X		511003.1N 0052750.7E	200 FT	NIL	Belgian Air and Space Component.
TACAN	EHV	CH 119X	H24	512653.4N 0052229.8E	100 FT	NIL	150 NM/60000 FT in sector 000°-360° MAG RNLASF.
GPS	NIL	L1 1575.42 MHz	H24	NIL	NIL	NIL	NIL
EGNOS	NIL	L1 1575.42 MHz	H24	NIL	NIL	NIL	See EHBD AD 2.22 for FAS data block

EHBD AD 2.20 LOCAL AERODROME REGULATIONS

ATZ Budel is only for flights to and from Budel Aerodrome, including VFR circuit flights. Other flights within Kleine-Brogel CTR 2 at or below 1200 FT AMSL within ATZ Budel are prohibited.
During UDP:
- ATZ Budel part A and B is VFR only, respectively at or below 1200 and 600 FT AMSL;
- ATZ Budel is airspace classification G;
- ATZ Budel is a radio mandatory zone (RMZ), radio contact with Budel Radio is required;
- flights remaining within RMZ Budel, radio contact with Kleine-Brogel APP is not required.
For entry of Kleine-Brogel CTR 2 permission is required from Kleine-Brogel APP 134.480. Outside Kleine-Brogel AD OPR HR permission is required from Dutch MIL Info 132.350.

Recommended radio procedures Budel:

Report:

approaching downwind (APRX 1 minute out);
leaving the circuit.

Extra report when ground visibility is 5 KM or less:

joining downwind;
turning final.

During circuit flying:

(beginning) downwind.

EHBD AD 2.21 NOISE ABATEMENT PROCEDURES

South of the aerodrome at APRX 1.0 NM built up area is located. To avoid this area, noise abatement procedures have been introduced for:

departures/circuits from RWY 21.
approach/circuits to RWY 03.

If for safety reasons the preferred procedures (noise abatement) can not be executed, a standard traffic circuit shall be flown.

For details refer to item EHBD AD 2.22, Flight procedures.

EHBD AD 2.22 FLIGHT PROCEDURES

1 INSTRUMENT DEPARTURE PROCEDURES

1.1 Introduction

The instrument departure procedures are based on ICAO Annex 2 and ICAO Documents 4444-ATM/501 (PANS-ATM), 7030 (SUPPS) and 8168-OPS/611 (PANS-OPS).

The following restrictions apply for these instrument procedures:

Instrument procedures are only to be used outside the uniform daylight period from 0600-2200 (0500-2100) during the opening hours of Budel Airport.
The number of flights which may use these procedures is restricted and prior permission is required. Requests are to be made before 1500 (see EHBD AD 2.3).
IFR training flights are not allowed.

Only aerodrome flight information service (see GEN 3.3) and alerting service (in accordance with the provisions of Annex 11, Chapter 5) will be provided by Budel Aerodrome Information, although before the flight will receive a take-off permission from Budel Aerodrome Information all actions have been taken by the ATC units concerned to guarantee separation from other flights after take-off.

Air traffic control service will be provided as soon as the aircraft is entering controlled airspace.

1.2 Instrument departure procedures

1.2.1 Start-up permission

Pilots of aircraft intending to make an IFR flight must have obtained permission for start-up from Budel Aerodrome Information before starting their engines. A request for start-up shall be made to Budel Aerodrome Information after all preparations for departure have been made (doors closed etc.) and shall include:

aircraft identification (e.g. PHSPY).
position (e.g. opposite tower).
flight rules (e.g. IFR).
destination (e.g. Brussels).
request start-up (e.g. request start-up).

After co-ordination with the ATC unit(s) concerned a permission for start-up will either be issued immediately or at a specified time. The pilot shall be able to comply with start-up and taxi permission, since ATC planning of outbound traffic (involving en-route clearance and co-ordination with adjacent ACCs) is based on the start-up time. Any delay in start-up or taxiing shall be immediately reported to Budel Aerodrome Information.

In case of indefinite delay the probable duration of the delay will be given.

1.2.2 En-route clearance

1.2.2.1 Contents

The en-route clearance will be issued by the appropriate ATC unit to Budel Aerodrome Information and will be relayed by Budel Aerodrome Information as soon as possible to departing aircraft after taxi permission has been given. An en-route clearance contains:

Clearance limit: airport of destination.
Standard instrument departure (SID).
SSR code.
ATC unit and frequency on which the aircraft shall report as soon as possible after take-off.
Departure instructions if applicable.

Example of an en-route clearance: "PHSPY is cleared to Brussels, WOODY 2G Departure, squawk 2123, after departure contact Dutch MIL 125.930."

1.2.2.2 Standard instrument departures

The instrument departure procedures are laid down in standard instrument departures (SIDs). SIDs are designated in accordance with ICAO Annex 11. SID designation is composed of the following elements:

a basic indicator, i.e. a significant point.
a validity indicator, i.e. a number from 1 to 9 indicating the valid version of a specific SID.
a route indicator, i.e. a letter representing the runway where the SID begins.

SIDs are published for RWYs 03 and 21.

1.2.2.3 ATC unit and frequency after take-off (paragraph 1.2.2.1. item d)

Pilots of departing aircraft shall contact the ATC unit, as indicated in the en-route clearance, as soon as possible after take-off but not later than passing 1000 FT AMSL. Normally departing aircraft will be transferred to Dutch MIL.

Note: pilots might experience difficulties in contacting the appropriate ATC unit on very low altitude due to the range of the transmitters and receivers of radio telephony equipment of MILATCC Schiphol.

1.2.2.4 Departure instructions(paragraph 1.2.2.1. item e)

Instructions containing deviations from the standard instrument departure may be added to the en-route clearance or take-off permission.

These instructions may comprise an opposite turn after take-off, maintaining a specified heading or temporary altitude restrictions; they amend the relevant part of the SID only.

1.3 Communication failure

See ENR 1.3.

1.4 SID descriptions

1.4.1 General remarks

Transition altitude: 3000 FT AMSL.
Turn radii based on a 25° bank angle.
Radial interception angle: 45°.
The SIDs are based on an average climb rate of 2000 FT/MIN.
SIDs have to be considered as minimum noise routings which shall be strictly adhered to.
MAX 250 KIAS below FL 100 unless otherwise instructed.
Initiate turns in due time in order not to overshoot radials.
RNAV: The Netherlands encourages the use of RNAV routes stored in a pre-programmed navigation database on board of aircraft. Although there may be differences between the RNAV and conventional description of a route (vertically: turn altitudes and/or laterally: turn anticipation effects), the resulting flight paths are considered identical by ATC. Therefore, flying the route using the RNAV coding from the navigation database will not result in route violations.
Furthermore:
- Connect FMS as early as possible.
- Turn anticipation is mandatory for all waypoints except those which are underlined, these waypoints shall be overflown.
- The navigation aid (e.g. VOR) mentioned in the column "Expected path terminator" is for selection of MAG station declination only.

Note: only after an ATC clearance has been received the flight may continue to climb above 3000 FT AMSL.

Note: during UDP stay VFR / VMC until clearance has been received from ATC.

1.4.2 Specific remarks

Only for aircraft with destination EHGG and EHLE, MAX FL 095.
Only for aircraft with destination EHRD, MAX FL 075.
Only for aircraft with destination EHBK.
Only for aircraft with destination EHAM, MAX FL 075.
RNAV 1 required.

1.4.3 SIDs RWY 03

See chart SID RWY 03.

ABNED 2G	See paragraph 1.4.2 specific remark: 5. After departure contact Dutch MIL 125.930. After departure climb to maintain 3000 FT AMSL.
ARINC designator	Formal description	Abbreviated description	Expected path terminator	Fly-over required
[ABNE2G]	Climb on course 027° MAG, at or above 800 FT AMSL turn left	[M027; A800+; L]	CA	N
	Direct to BD544 at 3000 FT AMSL	=> BD544 [A3000 ]	DF	N
	To YOGCE	YOGCE	TF	N
	To EHOJI	EHOJI	TF	N
	To HAMZA	HAMZA	TF	N
	To ABNED	ABNED	TF	N

DIBIR 3G	See paragraph 1.4.2 specific remark: - After departure contact Dutch MIL 125.930. After departure climb to maintain 3000 FT AMSL.
ARINC designator	Formal description	Abbreviated description	Expected path terminator	Fly-over required
[DIBI3G]	Climb on course 027° MAG, at or above 800 FT AMSL turn right	[M027; A800+; R]	CA	N
	Direct to BD541 at 3000 FT AMSL	=> BD541 [A3000 ]	DF	N
	To BD540	BD540	TF	N
	To DIBIR	DIBIR	TF	N
	To LMA	LMA	TF	N
Conventional description	Lateral: Track 027° MAG. At 800 FT AMSL turn right to track 100° MAG to intercept BUN R-072 (QDM LMA 072°). At 40.0 BUN turn right to track 096° MAG to intercept QDM LMA 058° to LMA NDB. Vertical: Cross 35.7 BUN at 3000 FT AMSL.

INKET 3G	See paragraph 1.4.2 specific remark: 2, 5. After departure contact Dutch MIL 125.930. After departure climb to maintain 3000 FT AMSL.
ARINC designator	Formal description	Abbreviated description	Expected path terminator	Fly-over required
[INKE3G]	Climb on course 027° MAG, at or above 800 FT AMSL turn left	[M027; A800+; L]	CA	N
	Direct to BD544 at 3000 FT AMSL	=> BD544 [A3000 ]	DF	N
	To YOGCE	YOGCE	TF	N
	To EHOJI	EHOJI	TF	N
	To INKET	INKET	TF	N

LNO 4G	See paragraph 1.4.2 specific remark: - After departure contact Dutch MIL 125.930. After departure climb to maintain 3000 FT AMSL.
ARINC designator	Formal description	Abbreviated description	Expected path terminator	Fly-over required
[LNO4G]	Climb on course 027° MAG, at or above 800 FT AMSL turn right	[M027; A800+; R]	CA	N
	Direct to BD541 at 3000 FT AMSL	=> BD541 [A3000 ]	DF	N
	To SOPVI	SOPVI	TF	N
	To OSGOS	OSGOS	TF	N
	To EDUMA	EDUMA	TF	N
	To LNO	LNO	TF	N
Conventional description	Lateral: Track 027° MAG. At 800 FT AMSL turn right to track 100° MAG to SOPVI to intercept MAS R-350 inbound to OSGOS to EDUMA (7.5 MAS) to intercept LNO R-013 inbound to LNO VOR. Vertical: Cross 35.7 BUN at 3000 FT AMSL.

OSGOS 2G	See paragraph 1.4.2 specific remark: 3. After departure contact Dutch MIL 125.930. After departure climb to maintain 3000 FT AMSL.
ARINC designator	Formal description	Abbreviated description	Expected path terminator	Fly-over required
[OSGO2G]	Climb on course 027° MAG, at or above 800 FT AMSL turn right	[M027; A800+; R]	CA	N
	Direct to BD541 at 3000 FT AMSL	=> BD541 [A3000 ]	DF	N
	To SOPVI	SOPVI	TF	N
	To OSGOS	OSGOS	TF	N
Conventional description	Lateral: Track 027° MAG. At 800 FT AMSL turn right to track 100° MAG to SOPVI to intercept MAS R-350 inbound to OSGOS (12.8 MAS). Vertical: Cross 35.7 BUN at 3000 FT AMSL.

PESER 2G	See paragraph 1.4.2 specific remark: 4, 5. After departure contact Dutch MIL 125.930. After departure climb to maintain 3000 FT AMSL.
ARINC designator	Formal description	Abbreviated description	Expected path terminator	Fly-over required
[PESE2G]	Climb on course 027° MAG, at or above 800 FT AMSL turn left	[M027; A800+; L]	CA	N
	Direct to BD544 at 3000 FT AMSL	=> BD544 [A3000 ]	DF	N
	To YOGCE	YOGCE	TF	N
	To EHOJI	EHOJI	TF	N
	To BREDA	BREDA	TF	N
	To PESER	PESER	TF	N

TENLI 2G	See paragraph 1.4.2 specific remark: 1, 5. After departure contact Dutch MIL 125.930. After departure climb to maintain 3000 FT AMSL.
ARINC designator	Formal description	Abbreviated description	Expected path terminator	Fly-over required
[TENL2G]	Climb on course 027° MAG, at or above 800 FT AMSL turn right	[M027; A800+; R]	CA	N
	Direct to BD541 at 3000 FT AMSL	=> BD541 [A3000 ]	DF	N
	To BD540	BD540	TF	N
	To BASGU	BASGU	TF	N
	To NIHOF	NIHOF	TF	N
	To TENLI	TENLI	TF	N

TULIP 3G	See paragraph 1.4.2 specific remark: 5. After departure contact Dutch MIL 125.930. After departure climb to maintain 3000 FT AMSL.
ARINC designator	Formal description	Abbreviated description	Expected path terminator	Fly-over required
[TULI3G]	Climb on course 027° MAG, at or above 800 FT AMSL turn left	[M027; A800+; L]	CA	N
	Direct to BD544 at 3000 FT AMSL	=> BD544 [A3000 ]	DF	N
	To YOGCE	YOGCE	TF	N
	To EHOJI	EHOJI	TF	N
	To HAMZA	HAMZA	TF	N
	To TULIP	TULIP	TF	N

WOODY 3G	See paragraph 1.4.2 specific remark: 5. After departure contact Dutch MIL 125.930. After departure climb to maintain 3000 FT AMSL.
ARINC designator	Formal description	Abbreviated description	Expected path terminator	Fly-over required
[WOOD3G]	Climb on course 027° MAG, at or above 800 FT AMSL turn left	[M027; A800+; L]	CA	N
	Direct to BD544 at 3000 FT AMSL	=> BD544 [A3000 ]	DF	N
	To YOGCE	YOGCE	TF	N
	To EHOJI	EHOJI	TF	N
	To BREDA	BREDA	TF	N
	To RONSA	RONSA	TF	N
	To WOODY	WOODY	TF	N

1.4.4 SIDs RWY 21

See chart SID RWY 21.

ABNED 2H	See paragraph 1.4.2 specific remark: 5. After departure contact Dutch MIL 125.930. After departure climb to maintain 3000 FT AMSL.
ARINC designator	Formal description	Abbreviated description	Expected path terminator	Fly-over required
[ABNE2H]	Climb on course 207° MAG, at or above 600 FT AMSL turn left	[M207; A600+; L]	CA	N
	Direct to BD545 at 3000 FT AMSL	=> BD545 [A3000 ]	DF	N
	To YOGCE	YOGCE	TF	N
	To EHOJI	EHOJI	TF	N
	To HAMZA	HAMZA	TF	N
	To ABNED	ABNED	TF	N

DIBIR 3H	See paragraph 1.4.2 specific remark: - After departure contact Dutch MIL 125.930. After departure climb to maintain 3000 FT AMSL.
ARINC designator	Formal description	Abbreviated description	Expected path terminator	Fly-over required
[DIBI3H]	Climb on course 207° MAG, at or above 600 FT AMSL turn left	[M207; A600+; L]	CA	N
	Direct to BD541 at 3000 FT AMSL	=> BD541 [A3000 ]	DF	N
	To BD540	BD540	TF	N
	To DIBIR	DIBIR	TF	N
	To LMA	LMA	TF	N
Conventional description	Lateral: Track 207° MAG. At 600 FT AMSL turn left to track 047° MAG to intercept BUN R-072 (QDM LMA 072°). At 40.0 BUN turn right to track 096° MAG to intercept QDM LMA 058° to LMA NDB. Vertical: Cross 35.7 BUN at 3000 FT AMSL.

INKET 3H	See paragraph 1.4.2 specific remark: 2, 5. After departure contact Dutch MIL 125.930. After departure climb to maintain 3000 FT AMSL.
ARINC designator	Formal description	Abbreviated description	Expected path terminator	Fly-over required
[INKE3H]	Climb on course 207° MAG, at or above 600 FT AMSL turn left	[M207; A600+; L]	CA	N
	Direct to BD545 at 3000 FT AMSL	=> BD545 [A3000 ]	DF	N
	To YOGCE	YOGCE	TF	N
	To EHOJI	EHOJI	TF	N
	To INKET	INKET	TF	N

LNO 4H	See paragraph 1.4.2 specific remark: - After departure contact Dutch MIL 125.930. After departure climb to maintain 3000 FT AMSL.
ARINC designator	Formal description	Abbreviated description	Expected path terminator	Fly-over required
[LNO4H]	Climb on course 207° MAG, at or above 600 FT AMSL turn left	[M207; A600+; L]	CA	N
	Direct to BD541 at 3000 FT AMSL	=> BD541 [A3000 ]	DF	N
	To SOPVI	SOPVI	TF	N
	To OSGOS	OSGOS	TF	N
	To EDUMA	EDUMA	TF	N
	To LNO	LNO	TF	N
Conventional description	Lateral: Track 207° MAG. At 600 FT AMSL turn left to track 047° MAG. At 35.7 BUN turn right to track 100° MAG to SOPVI to intercept MAS R-350 inbound to OSGOS to EDUMA (7.5 MAS) to intercept LNO R-013 inbound to LNO VOR. Vertical: Cross 35.7 BUN at 3000 FT AMSL.

OSGOS 2H	See paragraph 1.4.2 specific remark: 3. After departure contact Dutch MIL 125.930. After departure climb to maintain 3000 FT AMSL.
ARINC designator	Formal description	Abbreviated description	Expected path terminator	Fly-over required
[OSGO2H]	Climb on course 207° MAG, at or above 600 FT AMSL turn left	[M207; A600+; L]	CA	N
	Direct to BD541 at 3000 FT AMSL	=> BD541 [A3000 ]	DF	N
	To SOPVI	SOPVI	TF	N
	To OSGOS	OSGOS	TF	N
Conventional description	Lateral: Track 207° MAG. At 600 FT AMSL turn left to track 047° MAG. At 35.7 BUN turn right to track 100° MAG to SOPVI to intercept MAS R-350 inbound to OSGOS (12.8 MAS). Vertical: Cross 35.7 BUN at 3000 FT AMSL.

PESER 2H	See paragraph 1.4.2 specific remark: 4, 5. After departure contact Dutch MIL 125.930. After departure climb to maintain 3000 FT AMSL.
ARINC designator	Formal description	Abbreviated description	Expected path terminator	Fly-over required
[PESE2H]	Climb on course 207° MAG, at or above 600 FT AMSL turn left	[M207; A600+; L]	CA	N
	Direct to BD545 at 3000 FT AMSL	=> BD545 [A3000 ]	DF	N
	To YOGCE	YOGCE	TF	N
	To EHOJI	EHOJI	TF	N
	To BREDA	BREDA	TF	N
	To PESER	PESER	TF	N

TENLI 2H	See paragraph 1.4.2 specific remark: 1, 5. After departure contact Dutch MIL 125.930. After departure climb to maintain 3000 FT AMSL.
ARINC designator	Formal description	Abbreviated description	Expected path terminator	Fly-over required
[TENL2H]	Climb on course 207° MAG, at or above 600 FT AMSL turn left	[M207; A600+; L]	CA	N
	Direct to BD541 at 3000 FT AMSL	=> BD541 [A3000 ]	DF	N
	To BD540	BD540	TF	N
	To BASGU	BASGU	TF	N
	To NIHOF	NIHOF	TF	N
	To TENLI	TENLI	TF	N

TULIP 3H	See paragraph 1.4.2 specific remark: 5. After departure contact Dutch MIL 125.930. After departure climb to maintain 3000 FT AMSL.
ARINC designator	Formal description	Abbreviated description	Expected path terminator	Fly-over required
[TULI3H]	Climb on course 207° MAG, at or above 600 FT AMSL turn left	[M207; A600+; L]	CA	N
	Direct to BD545 at 3000 FT AMSL	=> BD545 [A3000 ]	DF	N
	To YOGCE	YOGCE	TF	N
	To EHOJI	EHOJI	TF	N
	To HAMZA	HAMZA	TF	N
	To TULIP	TULIP	TF	N

WOODY 3H	See paragraph 1.4.2 specific remark: 5. After departure contact Dutch MIL 125.930. After departure climb to maintain 3000 FT AMSL.
ARINC designator	Formal description	Abbreviated description	Expected path terminator	Fly-over required
[WOOD3H]	Climb on course 207° MAG, at or above 600 FT AMSL turn left	[M207; A600+; L]	CA	N
	Direct to BD545 at 3000 FT AMSL	=> BD545 [A3000 ]	DF	N
	To YOGCE	YOGCE	TF	N
	To EHOJI	EHOJI	TF	N
	To BREDA	BREDA	TF	N
	To RONSA	RONSA	TF	N
	To WOODY	WOODY	TF	N

2 INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURES BUDEL/KEMPEN AIRPORT

2.1 Introduction

The instrument approach procedure is based on ICAO Annex 2 and ICAO Documents 4444-ATM/501 (PANS-ATM), 7030 (SUPPS) and 8168-OPS/611 (PANS-OPS).

The following restrictions apply for this instrument procedure:

Instrument approach procedure is only to be used outside UDP BTN 0600-2200 (0500-2100).
The number of flights which may use this procedure is restricted and prior permission is required. Requests are to be made before 1500 (1400), see EHBD AD 2.3.
IFR training flights are not allowed.

Only aerodrome flight information service (see GEN 3.3) and alerting service (in accordance with the provisions of Annex 11, chapter 5) will be provided by Budel Aerodrome Information, although before the flight will be transferred to Budel Aerodrome Information and before the flight will leave controlled airspace, all actions have been taken by the ATC units concerned to guarantee separation from other flights during the instrument approach procedure (incl. missed approach).

2.1.1 Authorisation required

Aircraft and crew have to comply with the relevant certification and operational requirements. That means that they are able to demonstrate compliance to the international (ICAO/EASA/EUROCAE) requirements. Especially EASA AMC 20-27 for RNP APCH.

2.1.2 Radar procedures

During initial and intermediate approach to Budel, radar services may be provided by:

When Kleine-Brogel is closed: MILATCC Schiphol.
When Kleine-Brogel is open: MILATCC Schiphol and Kleine-Brogel APP.

Air traffic control service generally will be terminated when leaving controlled airspace.

2.2 Arrival

2.2.1 Arrival clearance

At, or before, entering the Amsterdam Control Area, an arrival clearance will be issued by Amsterdam ACC or MILATCC Schiphol containing:

Standard arrival route ¹⁾or direct route.
Main landing runway.
Level instructions (normally descent instructions).
Any other necessary instructions or information.

¹⁾when cleared via a standard arrival route (STAR), the clearance limit is the initial approach fix (lAF).

2.2.2 Level restriction

Flights via DENUT should comply with the following crossing condition: cross DENUT at FL 180 or below, unless otherwise instructed.

2.2.3 Transfer of control

Transfer to MILATCC Schiphol takes place before the flight is entering the Nieuw Milligen TMA D.

When Kleine-Brogel is closed: no transfer from MILATCC Schiphol.
When Kleine-Brogel is open: to Kleine-Brogel APP over IAF.

2.2.4 STAR descriptions

See STAR chart.

COA 5U	RNAV 1 required.
ARINC designator	Formal description	Abbreviated description	Expected path terminator	Fly-over required
[COA5U]	COA, at or below FL 050	COA [F50-]	IF	N
	To RIMBU	RIMBU	TF	N
	To LIKDO	LIKDO	TF	N
	To TUPAK	TUPAK	TF	N
	To IPTAS	IPTAS	TF	N
	To EHOJI	EHOJI	TF	N
	To BUDIP	BUDIP	TF	N

DENUT 2U	RNAV 1 required.
ARINC designator	Formal description	Abbreviated description	Expected path terminator	Fly-over required
[DENU2U]	DENUT, at or below FL 180	DENUT [F180-]	IF	N
	To RIMBU	RIMBU	TF	N
	To LIKDO	LIKDO	TF	N
	To TUPAK	TUPAK	TF	N
	To IPTAS	IPTAS	TF	N
	To EHOJI	EHOJI	TF	N
	To BUDIP	BUDIP	TF	N

HELEN 6U	RNAV 1 required.
ARINC designator	Formal description	Abbreviated description	Expected path terminator	Fly-over required
[HELE6U]	HELEN	HELEN	IF	N
	To RIMBU	RIMBU	TF	N
	To LIKDO	LIKDO	TF	N
	To TUPAK	TUPAK	TF	N
	To IPTAS	IPTAS	TF	N
	To EHOJI	EHOJI	TF	N
	To BUDIP	BUDIP	TF	N

INKET 3U	RNAV 1 required.
ARINC designator	Formal description	Abbreviated description	Expected path terminator	Fly-over required
[INKE3U]	INKET	INKET	IF	N
	To EHOJI	EHOJI	TF	N
	To BUDIP	BUDIP	TF	N

LAMSO 4U	RNAV 1 required.
ARINC designator	Formal description	Abbreviated description	Expected path terminator	Fly-over required
[LAMS4U]	LAMSO	LAMSO	IF	N
	To HAMZA	HAMZA	TF	N
	To LIKDO	LIKDO	TF	N
	To TUPAK	TUPAK	TF	N
	To IPTAS	IPTAS	TF	N
	To EHOJI	EHOJI	TF	N
	To BUDIP	BUDIP	TF	N

LMA 2U
ARINC designator	Formal description	Abbreviated description	Expected path terminator	Fly-over required
[LMA2U]	LMA	LMA	IF	N
[LMA2U]	To BUDIP	BUDIP	TF	N

LOPIK 3U	RNAV 1 required.
ARINC designator	Formal description	Abbreviated description	Expected path terminator	Fly-over required
[LOPI3U]	LOPIK	LOPIK	IF	N
	To TOTNA	TOTNA	TF	N
	To EHOJI	EHOJI	TF	N
	To BUDIP	BUDIP	TF	N

MOLIX 4U	RNAV 1 required.
ARINC designator	Formal description	Abbreviated description	Expected path terminator	Fly-over required
[MOLI4U]	MOLIX	MOLIX	IF	N
	To HAMZA	HAMZA	TF	N
	To LIKDO	LIKDO	TF	N
	To TUPAK	TUPAK	TF	N
	To IPTAS	IPTAS	TF	N
	To EHOJI	EHOJI	TF	N
	To BUDIP	BUDIP	TF	N

LNO 3U
ARINC designator	Formal description	Abbreviated description	Expected path terminator	Fly-over required
[LNO3U]	LNO	LNO	IF	N
	To EDUMA	EDUMA	TF	N
	To OSGOS	OSGOS	TF	N
	To BUDIP	BUDIP	TF	N

OSGOS 1U
ARINC designator	Formal description	Abbreviated description	Expected path terminator	Fly-over required
[OSGO1U]	OSGOS	OSGOS	IF	N
[OSGO1U]	To BUDIP	BUDIP	TF	N

REDFA 4U	RNAV 1 required.
ARINC designator	Formal description	Abbreviated description	Expected path terminator	Fly-over required
[REDF4U]	REDFA	REDFA	IF	N
	To HAMZA	HAMZA	TF	N
	To LIKDO	LIKDO	TF	N
	To TUPAK	TUPAK	TF	N
	To IPTAS	IPTAS	TF	N
	To EHOJI	EHOJI	TF	N
	To BUDIP	BUDIP	TF	N

RUMER 2U
ARINC designator	Formal description	Abbreviated description	Expected path terminator	Fly-over required
[RUME2U]	RUMER	RUMER	IF	N
[RUME2U]	To BUDIP	BUDIP	TF	N

TOPPA 4U	RNAV 1 required.
ARINC designator	Formal description	Abbreviated description	Expected path terminator	Fly-over required
[TOPP4U]	TOPPA	TOPPA	IF	N
	To HAMZA	HAMZA	TF	N
	To LIKDO	LIKDO	TF	N
	To TUPAK	TUPAK	TF	N
	To IPTAS	IPTAS	TF	N
	To EHOJI	EHOJI	TF	N
	To BUDIP	BUDIP	TF	N

TENLI 3U	RNAV 1 required.
ARINC designator	Formal description	Abbreviated description	Expected path terminator	Fly-over required
[TENL3U]	TENLI	TENLI	IF	N
	To NIHOF	NIHOF	TF	N
	To BASGU	BASGU	TF	N
	To RUMER	RUMER	TF	N
	To BUDIP	BUDIP	TF	N

2.3 Initial and intermediate approach

2.3.1 Approach instructions

Approach instructions will be issued by MILATCC Schiphol, containing:

Clearance limit, route and level.
Runway in use.
EAT, if holding procedures are applied.
QNH.
Transition level.
MET information.
Runway condition.

Note: cloud base not available.

2.3.2 Transfer to Budel Aerodrome Information

2.3.2.1 General

Generally during the intermediate approach MILATCC Schiphol will issue a clearance to carry out an instrument approach procedure. Transfer of communication to Budel Aerodrome Information normally will take place before reaching the FAF.

2.3.2.2 Service

See GEN 3.3.

2.4 Final approach

2.4.1 Final approach procedures

2.4.1.1 General

Instrument approach to RWY 21 is based on RNP, as depicted on the instrument approach chart IAC RNP RWY 21.

2.4.1.2 Visual approach and circling

Visual approaches are not allowed.
Circling only to RWY 03 and east of AD only. For execution of the missed approach procedure it is necessary to select DME BBL.

2.4.2 Missed approach procedure

See instrument approach chart IAC RNP RWY 21. In case the missed approach procedure has to be executed, ATC has to be informed as soon as possible on the current frequency.

2.4.3 Missed approach while circling to land RWY 03

Note: This procedure is different from ICAO Doc 8168 Volume I (PANS-OPS).

Inform ATC.
Climb to 700 FT AMSL, then complete the turn to RWY 03 MAG track (see figure).
At 7 DME BBL turn left to BD376 and climb to 1200 FT AMSL.
At BD376 inititate a right turn to track 087° MAG to BD377 and climb to 2000 FT AMSL.
Intercept radial MAS R-350 to IAF BUDIP.

2.5 Communication failure

2.5.1 General

The pilot of an IFR flight shall follow the general procedures for IFR flights (see ENR 1.3 paragraph "Communication Failure"). In addition, for arriving flights, the following communication failure procedures apply.

2.5.2 Inbound clearance not received

Proceed according the current flight plan route to BUDIP.
Maintain the last cleared and acknowledged flight level.
After arrival over BUDIP, intercept the holding pattern.
Commence descent to 3000 FT AMSL at, or as near as possible to, the ETO over BUDIP.
After reaching 3000 FT AMSL leave BUDIP and carry out an instrument approach procedure to RWY 21 (see chart IAC RNP RWY 21).

2.5.3 Inbound clearance received

Proceed according the current flight plan route to BUDIP.
Maintain the last cleared and acknowledged flight level.
After arrival over BUDIP, intercept the holding pattern.
Commence descent to 3000 FT AMSL at the EAT last received and acknowledged.
When no EAT has been received and acknowledged, commence descent to 3000 FT AMSL at, or as near as possible to, the ETO over BUDIP.
After reaching 3000 FT AMSL leave BUDIP and carry out an instrument approach procedure to RWY 21 (see chart IAC RNP RWY 21).

2.5.4 Missed approach procedure in case of communication failure

See the instrument approach chart IAC RNP RWY 21.

2.5.5 Missed approach procedure in case of communication failure while circling to land RWY 03

Note: This procedure is different from ICAO Doc 8168 Volume I (PANS-OPS).

Climb to 700 FT AMSL, then complete the turn to RWY 03 MAG track (see figure).
At 7 DME BBL turn left to BD376 and climb to 1200 FT AMSL.
At BD376 inititate a right turn to track 087° MAG to BD377 and climb to 2000 FT AMSL.
Intercept radial MAS R-350 to IAF BUDIP.
Hold or execute the instrument approach procedure again.

2.6 Instrument approach description

2.6.1 RNAV procedure

Authorisation required, see EHBD AD 2.22 paragraph 2.1.1.

2.6.2 Instrument approach segments

Note: recommended navaid for selection of MAG station declination only.

Note: for positions of EH waypoints see instrument approach chart AD 2.EHBD-IAC-21.

2.6.2.1 RNP approach RWY 21

Serial number	Path descriptor	WPT ident	Fly-over	Course/Track °MAG / (°T)	Recom. navaid	Dist. (NM)	Turn	Altitude (FT / FL)	Speed (KIAS)	VPA (°) / TCH (FT)	NAV specification
001	IF	BUDIP	-	-	-	-	-	@ 3000	- 140	-	-
002	TF	BD373	-	277 / (280.0)	-	5.5	-	+ 2000	-	-	RNAV 1
003	TF	BD374	-	208 / (210.3)	-	3.6	-	+ 2000	-	-	RNAV 1
004	TF	THR 21	Y	208 / (210.3)	-	5.8	-	-	-	- 3.00 / 50	RNP APCH
005	FA	-	-	208 / (210.3)	MAS	-	-	@ 700	-	-	RNAV 1
006	DF	BD375	-	-	-	-	R	@ 700	-	-	RNAV 1
007	TF	BD376	-	027 / (029.6)	-	6.3	-	- 1200	-	-	RNAV 1
008	TF	BD377	-	087 / (089.6)	-	8.9	-	+ 2000	-	-	RNAV 1
009	HM	BUDIP	-	350 / (352.4)	-	1.3	L	+ 2000	-	-	RNAV 1

2.6.2.2 FAS data block RWY 21

3 VFR FLIGHT PROCEDURES AND REGULATIONS

Note: joining and leaving the circuit shall take place as depicted on the visual approach chart (see chart VFR TFC circuits).

3.1 Caution

Pilots are urgently advised to adhere strictly to the procedures prescribed and to keep a sharp look-out for military aircraft approaching Kleine-Brogel AD. These aircraft cross the circuit area at a minimum altitude of 1700 FT AMSL (1586 FT AAL).

3.2 Powered aircraft

Approaches to the aerodrome shall be made strictly at 1100 FT AMSL (986 FT AAL) (see caution above).
The circuit altitude is 814 FT AMSL (700 FT AAL).
The visual traffic circuit must be carried out within the lateral limits of the circuit area appropriate to the runway in use.
Be aware of MLA operating in the circuit southeast (parallel) of the runway.
Built-up and marked areas shall be avoided as much as possible.

3.3 Procedures RWY 21

3.3.1 Approach procedure RWY 21

The standard traffic circuit is applicable (see ENR 1.2 paragraph 8).

3.3.2 Departure procedure RWY 21

After take-off maintain runway track.
Turn left to fly crosswind leg tight south around the chimney.
Leave the circuit on crosswind leg while climbing out to 1100 FT AMSL (986 FT AAL).

If for safety reasons the preferred (noise abatement) departure procedures can not be executed, the standard traffic circuit is applicable or maintain runway track.

3.3.3 Circuit procedures RWY 21

After take-off maintain runway track.
Turn left to fly crosswind leg tight south around the chimney.
Standard traffic circuit applies for the remaining part.
Touch and goes shall only be carried out by pilots who are familiar with the local circumstances.

3.4 Procedures RWY 03

3.4.1 Approach procedure RWY 03

Join the circuit in accordance with the rules of the standard traffic circuit (see ENR 1.2 paragraph 8).
When safety permits turn base leg tight south around the chimney.
Overtaking traffic conducting the standard circuit procedure is prohibited.

If for safety reasons the preferred (noise abatement) approach procedure can not be executed, the standard circuit applies.

3.4.2 Departure procedure RWY 03

Leave the circuit on take-off leg to at least 1100 FT AMSL.

3.4.3 Circuit procedures RWY 03

When safety permits turn base leg tight south around the chimney.
Overtaking traffic conducting the standard circuit procedure is prohibited.
Touch and goes shall only be carried out by pilots who are familiar with the local circumstances.

3.5 MLA

Joining and leaving the circuit-area shall be done in accordance with the procedures on the chart VFR TFC circuits.
The circuit height is 414 FT AMSL (300 FT AAL).
The exit and entry heights of the MLA are 414 FT AMSL (300 FT AAL).
The climb and descent area of the MLA is situated south of the Zuid Willemsvaart.

EHBD AD 2.23 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

1 CAUTIONS AND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Only after prior permission of the aerodrome manager gliders are permitted.
MLA flying is permitted daily.
The special MLA strip has to be used for take-off and landing with MLA.
Grass cutting may take place at irregular times.

EHBD AD 2.24 AERONAUTICAL CHARTS RELATED TO AN AERODROME

Charts	Pages
ADC
SID
SID RWY 03
SID RWY 21
STAR
IAC RNP RWY 21
VAC - VFR procedures
VFR TFC circuits

EHBD AD 2.25 VISUAL SEGMENT SURFACE (VSS) PENETRATION

To be developed.